幻灯二

战争中没有人是无辜的是谁说的(俄乌战争中,没有人是一座孤岛 | 外刊精读)

这几天的新闻大概向我们完美诠释了什么叫作“局势瞬息万变”,我们码字的速度完全跟不上形势的变化啊!

好了,话不多说,进入今天的正题。下面跟着公众号“高斋外刊双语精读”一起来看看“俄乌战争”相关的英文报道吧~

01

对乌发动全面入侵

金融时报原文:Vladimir Putin has launched a full-scale military invasion of Ukraine and demanded Kyiv’s army lay down its weapons, starting what could be the largest conflict in Europe since the second world war.

普京已对乌克兰发动全面入侵,要求基辅军队放下武器,二战以来欧洲爆发的最大冲突由此开始。

1.句子结构分析:这句主干是Vladimir Putin has launched a full-scale military invasion of Ukraine and demanded Kyiv’s army lay down its weapons,and前后并列;starting ...是现在分词作结果状语。

2.一词多义:launch在这里的意思是发动军事袭击。我看了一下大部分外媒用的都是launch这个词,比如太阳报的报道:

RUSSIA has launched a full-scale invasion on several Ukrainian cities, using missiles and explosions.

“发动军事入侵”也可以说start an invasion of a country,比如英国Mirror镜报报道这句:

A "full-scale" invasion of Ukraine has started by Russia with missile strikes in the capital Kyiv and other major cities as Vladimir Putin says he has launched a special military operation.

launch a special military operation意思就是“发动一次特别军事行动”。

launch还有一个含义,特指推出、发布(新产品),如发布新产品 launch a new product。大家可以看看这篇里面的讲解经济学人精读:华为VS三星,可折叠屏手机哪家强?| 考研英语外刊双语

3.注意介词搭配:入侵某个国家是invasion of +国家,注意介词是of,此时of不是“的”的意思,而是表示消极意义的“针对”。它的英文释义是If there is an invasion of a country, a foreign army enters it by force.

invasion的动词是invade。纽约时报报道中用到了invade这个词:

Much of the world woke up on Thursday to the specter of an all-out war in Europe after President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia ordered his troops to invade Ukraine.

4.一词多义:lay down有很多含义,可以表示“规定,制定,颁布”,也可以表示“放下(东西)”,今天这里是“放下(武器)”的意思。例如:“我们命令敌兵放下武器”英文可以说“We ordered that the enemy soldiers lay down their arms”。

02

影响

这篇文章主要从影响这个角度来展开,篇幅有限,可能不够全面,大家如果对这个话题感兴趣的话,可以去看更多相关外媒报道。

(对乌克兰)

太阳报原文:Kyiv was rocked by several explosions as dramatic footage showed smoke rising from buildings and loud blasts echoed around the city.

几起爆炸震惊了基辅,一些极具震撼性的航拍画面显示,浓烟从建筑物中升起,巨大的爆炸声在城市周围回荡。

1.句子结构分析:as是伴随状语,dramatic footage showed smoke rising from buildings和loud blasts echoed around the city并列,其中dramatic footage showed smoke rising from buildings是show sth doing sth的用法。

2. be rocked by:被震撼;使震惊,使不安。相当于be shocked by,不过rock还有“晃动”这个含义。举个例子:The country was rocked by a series of political scandals. 一连串的政治丑闻震惊全国。

3. footage:航拍图像、航拍镜头,是不可数名词,例如2018年11月CATTI二级笔译真题中就有这样一个句子:

New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaiis Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days.

最新的无人机航拍镜头显示,夏威夷大岛(Hawaiis Big Island)在近几日火山爆发后遭到严重破坏。

还比如卫报这句:

Footage on China’s social media showed the world-renowned Shaolin Temple, known for martial arts, as well as other cultural sites, badly affected.

中国社交媒体分享的航拍镜头显示,以武术而闻名世界的少林寺以及其他文化遗址受到了严重影响。

3. blast指爆炸,炮弹引起的爆炸一般用blast这个词。举个例子:27 schoolchildren were injured in the blast. 27名学龄儿童在爆炸中受了伤。

还比如cnn报道这句:A CNN team reported hearing two large blasts in central Kyiv and a third loud explosion in the distance, followed by at least three more explosions to the south-west of the city a few hours later.

4. echo:在这里是动词,表示“回想;回荡;发出回声”。外媒报道中有很多炮火相关的描述,还比如这句:The sound of gunfire has echoed through Ukraines capital, Kyiv, as Russian tanks were filmed entering the city for the first time. 所以,echoed around the city也可以说echoed through the city

太阳报原文:Terrified families took shelter inside subway stations while long queues were seen on platforms.

极度恐慌的居民一家人都躲在地铁站里,站台上还排着长队。

1.固定表达:take shelter是固定表达,意思是“避难,寻求庇护”,到……地方避难就是take shelter in。举个voa上的例子:

Residents of the island had been warned by loudspeakers to take shelter in bunkers beginning Tuesday morning.

当局通过高音喇叭提醒这个岛上的居民从星期二早晨开始到防空洞内躲避。

2. long queues:长队。

(图片来自太阳报报道)

这次危机影响之大,波及到整个欧洲,甚至在世界范围内产生影响。我们从领域的角度来看一看此次乌克兰危机可能带来的影响。

(经济)

纽约时报原文:Beyond the anticipated bloodshed, economic penalties to punish Russia will reverberate worldwide. Rising energy costs and potentially slowing supply chains will take their toll on consumers.

除了预期的流血事件,对俄罗斯的经济惩罚将在世界范围内产生影响。能源成本不断上涨,供应链可能放缓,这都将会给消费者带来巨大损失。

1. Beyond表示除……外,后面跟sth或doing sth。精读:微信“拍一拍”被玩坏,拍醒沉睡中的你!这篇也讲到了beyond的用法,一起回忆一下:

Users can also nudge themselves, though this serves no purpose beyond alleviating boredom.

用户还可以拍一拍自己,虽然这除了缓解无聊外没什么别的意义。

2. bloodshed:n. (战斗或战争中的)人员伤亡,流血,流血事件。

3. reverberate美[rɪˈvɜːrbəreɪt]:v. 它可以表示“发出响声;回响,回荡”,比如“她的声音在大厅里回荡”英文就可以说“Her voice reverberated around the hall”。它在这里则表示“产生巨大反响,引起轰动,影响深远”,比如世界银行网站上这句:

"The financial shock waves in the United States and Europe will reverberate in the global economy, " he added.

“美国和欧洲的金融冲击波将在全球经济中产生巨大反响,”他补充道。

4.固定搭配:take one’s toll on ...是固定搭配,意思是“损害;造成不利影响;使奔溃/不堪重负”,比如下图下句话:

(网络安全)

纽约时报原文:Russian cyberattacks could cripple electronic infrastructure.

俄罗斯的网络攻击可能会使电子基础设施瘫痪。

1. could在表示推测,意思是“可能,可能会”。

2. cripple:cripple作名词表示“跛子,残疾人”,作动词可以表示“使残疾,损毁;使瘫痪;破坏;严重影响”,这里指“使瘫痪;严重影响”,我们常说登录人数太多导致网站瘫痪了,“使网站瘫痪”就可以说cripple websites

03

经济制裁与能源出口博弈

此前美国表示对俄罗斯实施严厉制裁,来看纽约时报上的报道:

纽约时报原文:President Biden on Thursday plans to announce “severe sanctions” against Russia to try to deter Moscow from carrying out further violence in Ukraine and to punish it for its actions, U.S. officials said.

美国官员表示,拜登24日计划宣布对俄罗斯实施“严厉制裁”,以阻止莫斯科在乌克兰进一步实施进攻,并惩罚其行为。

1.句子结构分析:这句话是说话内容+说话人的结构。其中President Biden plans to announce “severe sanctions” against Russia是主干。

2.固定搭配:sanctions against ...可以表示“对……的制裁;约束;惩罚”,它可以特指对某国的制裁,这里用的就是这一含义,注意后面跟的是against。sanction也可以作动词表示“制裁”,此时制裁某个国家直接sanction+国家

3.固定搭配:deter sb./国家等 from doing sth.意思是“阻止;制止;威慑;使不敢”。“三孩政策”来了,网友却说“民不聊生”!| 经济学人精读中也出现了这个短语,原句是:

The high cost of housing and education, as well as the crushingly long work hours common in many companies, deter young couples from having any more than one child, or reproducing at all.

住房和教育成本高昂,许多公司普遍存在超长的工作时间,这些打消了年轻夫妻生一个以上孩子或者生孩子的想法。

这个和之前这篇人口普查:为什么越来越多的人不愿意生孩子?| 经济学人精读分享过的这个Instead, soaring housing and educational costs are dissuading couples from having more children中dissuade sb from doing sth是一个意思

04

能源出口博弈

普京则表示:做好应对西方一系列制裁的准备。经济制裁这方面的核心关节应该在能源出口这块儿,而美国在能源出口方面的态度呢?来看纽约时报报道:

外刊原文:Although Mr. Biden has said he will contemplate any possible sanctions, U.S. officials for now do not plan big disruptions to Russia’s energy exports, which are the pillar of the country’s economy. Europe relies on the products, and surging oil prices worldwide would cause greater inflation and more problems for politicians.

虽然拜登表示,他将考虑采取任何可能实施的制裁措施,但美国官员目前并不打算对俄罗斯能源出口(俄罗斯经济支柱)进行太大干扰。欧洲依赖这些产品,而全球油价飙升将导致更大的通胀,给政客带来更多问题。

外刊原文:The head of the International Energy Agency complained that Russia was withholding gas exports, deepening Europe’s energy crisis.

国际能源署(IEA)署长抱怨道,俄罗斯正在减少天然气出口,这加剧了欧洲的能源危机。

1.第一句句子结构分析:这句主干是U.S. officials for now do not plan big disruptions to Russia’s energy exports;Although引导的是让步状语从句;which引导的是定语从句,修饰Russia’s energy exports。

2.一词多义:contemplate美[ˈkɑːntəmpleɪt],这个词可以表示“凝视,注视”,也可以表示“沉思,考虑,深思熟虑”。今天这句话中是第二层含义。回顾一下经济学人精读:推迟奥运给日本带来多大损失?| 外刊双语这篇,里面说到安倍和巴赫决定奥运会将如期举行,不会考虑延期时有这么一句:

Despite mounting doubts from athletes and sporting federations, the president of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) would not contemplate a delay: “The Tokyo games will and must go on.”

3. disruptions to表示干扰,扰乱。如纽约时报这句:

Despite disruptions to testing and the admissions process, it could be easier for students to get into their stretch schools if overall enrollment declines.

尽管考试和录取过程受到干扰,但如果整体入学人数下降,他们可能更容易进入自己心仪的学校。

4. the pillar of:……的支柱/核心。

5. withhold:克制,减少。

(难民与救助)

卫报原文:Its neighbours are preparing for millions of refugees in the worst case; some Ukrainians are already fleeing, abroad or to the country’s west, though others have vowed to fight.

乌克兰邻国已经在准备应对最糟糕的情况:接收数百万的难民。虽然一些乌克兰人誓言要留下战斗,但很多人正逃往国外或往西部逃。

1. neighbours在这里指的是邻国。

2. refugees:难民,逃难者,寻求庇护者。纽约时报上讲到难民问题带来的影响时有这么一句:

A new refugee crisis will require international assistance. And an era of relative calm in the West that has pervaded since the end of the Cold War might be coming to a close.

新的难民危机将需要国际援助。自冷战结束以来,西方国家相对平静的时代可能即将结束。

3.固定表达:in the worst case表示在最坏的情况下;在最糟糕的情况下。举个华尔街日报上的例子:

Unprofessional behavior could force your managers to reprimand you, or in the worst case, ask you to leave.

不合职业标准的行为可能会让经理对你加以申斥,最严重的可能还会让你走人。

“最糟糕的情况”有时候也可以说in worst-case scenarios

4. Flee表示逃离,从……逃走是flee from或直接flee ...,逃往……是flee to。比如“逃离这个国家”就可以直接说flee the country。CNN有篇报道的标题就叫作Fleeing Russias advancing troops means some Ukrainians are leaving husbands, sons and brothers behind。

5. vow to do:发誓做某事。举个例子,“她发誓再也不和他说话了”翻译成英文可以说“She vowed never to speak to him again.”。

05

我们大家都知道:

全球各国之间已是日趋紧密的利益共同体,对抗将是双输,战争没有出路。

All countries in the world are part of a community of shared interests. Countries are increasingly interconnected. Neither of us will benefit from confrontation. War will get us nowhere.

海明威在《丧钟为谁而鸣》中引入英国诗人约翰·堂恩的下面这段话,有些国家真的得自我反省:

No man is an island, entire of itself;

Every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main;

If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as if a manor of thy friends or of thine own were;

Any mans death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind, and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls;

It tolls for thee.

没有人是一座孤岛,在大海里独处;

每个人都是大陆的一片,整体的一部分。

如果海水冲掉一块,欧洲就减小,如同一个海岬失掉一角,如同你的朋友或者你自己的领地失掉一块;

任何人的死亡都是我的损失,因为我是人类的一员;

因此不要问丧钟为谁而鸣,

它就为你而鸣。

今天就分享这么多,希望大家喜欢,多点赞多分享!

- End -

上期文章

《人世间》热播!“知青”“怀旧”“下海”这些英语怎么说?

外媒评价“谷爱凌”用了哪些精彩表达?

元宇宙“炒房”!| 经济学人精读

免费外刊视频讲解来袭!

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